TY - JOUR
AU - Snowdon W.
AU - Woodward Mark
AU - Viali S.
AU - Land M.
AU - Trieu K.
AU - Moodie M.
AU - Bell C.
AU - Johnson Claire
AU - Bompoint S.
AU - Su'a S.
AU - Ieremia M.
AU - Faeamani G.
AU - Vaiaso M.
AU - Neal Bruce
AU - Webster Jacqui
AB - <p>
This project measured population salt intake in Samoa by integrating urinary sodium analysis into the World Health Organization's (WHO's) STEPwise approach to surveillance of noncommunicable disease risk factors (STEPS). A subsample of the Samoan Ministry of Health's 2013 STEPS Survey collected 24-hour and spot urine samples and completed questions on salt-related behaviors. Complete urine samples were available for 293 participants. Overall, weighted mean population 24-hour urine excretion of salt was 7.09 g (standard error 0.19) to 7.63 g (standard error 0.27) for men and 6.39 g (standard error 0.14) for women (P=.0014). Salt intake increased with body mass index (P=.0004), and people who added salt at the table had 1.5 g higher salt intakes than those who did not add salt (P=.0422). A total of 70% of the population had urinary excretion values above the 5 g/d cutoff recommended by the WHO. A reduction of 30% (2 g) would reduce average population salt intake to 5 g/d, in line with WHO recommendations. While challenging, integration of salt monitoring into STEPS provides clear logistical and cost benefits and the lessons communicated here can help inform future programs.
</p>

AD - The George Institute for Global Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.<br/>Ministry of Health, Apia, Samoa.<br/>Pacifika Futures, Auckland, New Zealand.<br/>WHO Collaborating Centre for Obesity Prevention, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.<br/>Medical Specialist Clinic and Ministry of Health, Apia, Samoa.<br/>Deakin Health Economics, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, VIC, Australia.<br/>School of Medicine, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.<br/>The George Institute for Global Health, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.<br/>Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
AN - 26843490
BT - Journal of Clinical Hypertension
DP - NLM
ET - 2016/02/05
LA - Eng
LB - AUS<br/>FP<br/>PROF<br/>FY16
N1 - Webster, Jacqui<br/>Su'a, Sarah Asi Faletoese<br/>Ieremia, Merina<br/>Bompoint, Severine<br/>Johnson, Claire<br/>Faeamani, Gavin<br/>Vaiaso, Miraneta<br/>Snowdon, Wendy<br/>Land, Mary-Anne<br/>Trieu, Kathy<br/>Viali, Satu<br/>Moodie, Marj<br/>Bell, Colin<br/>Neal, Bruce<br/>Woodward, Mark<br/>J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2016 Feb 3. doi: 10.1111/jch.12778.
N2 - <p>
This project measured population salt intake in Samoa by integrating urinary sodium analysis into the World Health Organization's (WHO's) STEPwise approach to surveillance of noncommunicable disease risk factors (STEPS). A subsample of the Samoan Ministry of Health's 2013 STEPS Survey collected 24-hour and spot urine samples and completed questions on salt-related behaviors. Complete urine samples were available for 293 participants. Overall, weighted mean population 24-hour urine excretion of salt was 7.09 g (standard error 0.19) to 7.63 g (standard error 0.27) for men and 6.39 g (standard error 0.14) for women (P=.0014). Salt intake increased with body mass index (P=.0004), and people who added salt at the table had 1.5 g higher salt intakes than those who did not add salt (P=.0422). A total of 70% of the population had urinary excretion values above the 5 g/d cutoff recommended by the WHO. A reduction of 30% (2 g) would reduce average population salt intake to 5 g/d, in line with WHO recommendations. While challenging, integration of salt monitoring into STEPS provides clear logistical and cost benefits and the lessons communicated here can help inform future programs.
</p>

PY - 2016
SN - 1751-7176 (Electronic)<br/>1524-6175 (Linking)
T2 - Journal of Clinical Hypertension
TI - Salt Intakes, Knowledge, and Behavior in Samoa: Monitoring Salt-Consumption Patterns Through the World Health Organization's Surveillance of Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factors (STEPS)
Y2 - FY16
ER -